At the top of the list is Paris Sciences et Lettres - PSL Research University Paris (founded in 2010), followed by Sorbonne University (2018), and University of Paris (2019).
The University of Luxembourg also climbed 5 places in THE's ranking of young universities, classified as those established within the last 50 years. Uni.lu ranked 12th in the 2018 edition, slipped to 17th last year, and is now back up at number 12.
The rankings are assessed on a series of factors including research, international outlook, teaching, and work with industry.
THE Millennial universities ranking
THE young universities ranking
